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UNIT 10
1、word study
decline,impact,stir,provision
① decline
vi.1、下傾，下降；2、衰退，衰弱；3、謝絕，拒絕
The production of natural gas declined slightly.
天然氣的生產略有下降。
His strength slowly declined.
他的體力慢慢地衰弱了。
A blind man smilingly declined to be helped across the street.
盲人微笑著謝絕別人幫他過馬路。
vt.謝絕，拒絕
He respectfully decline the invitation.
他有禮貌地謝絕了邀請。
n.1、下傾，下降；2、衰退，衰弱
The customs figures show a steady decline in British trade.
關稅數字表明英國的貿易在持續下降。
We are studying the decline and fall of ancient Rome.
我們正在研究古羅馬的衰亡。
② impact
n.1、沖擊，碰撞；2、效果，影響
The storm of the world revolution has powerful impact on imperialism.
世界革命風暴對帝國主義有強大的沖擊力。
The book Ten That Shook the World made a great impact on its readers.
《震撼世界的十天》這本書對讀者產生了很大的影響。
vt.裝緊，壓緊
The ground had been impacted by many people walking across it.
因為走的人多，地面被踏得堅實了。
③ stir
vt.1、攪拌，攪動；2、激起，打動
You should stir the sugar in your coffee with a spoon.
你應該用湯匙攪動咖啡里的糖。
We all deeply stirred by the beauties of nature.
我們都被大自然的美深深地打動了。
vi.微動，活動
I read Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises through to the end without stirring from the table.
我一步不移地坐在桌前把海明威的《太陽照樣升起》讀完。
n.驚動，轟動
The invention is going to cause a big stir in the world.
這項發明將在全世界引起轟動。
④ provision
n.1、供應，供應品；2、條款，規定；3、【常pl】給養，口糧
Provision of shelter was the Red Cross’s main concern for the disaster victims.
為災民提供避難處是紅十字會的主要工作。
Necessary provision has been made against flood.
已為防洪做了必要準備。
You should save up money to make provision for the future.
你們應該存些錢，為將來做些準備。
You can do so under the provisions of a new foreign aid bill.
根據新的援外法案的條文，你可以這樣做。
Provisions are kept in the storehouse.
儲備的口糧存放在倉庫里。
2、重點句型
1、候選人都想盡力突出表現一種強有力的領導者的形象。P4
Candidates try to project a strong leadership image.
2、選民們是否接受這一形象則更取決于外在因素而不是候選人的個人特征。P4
Whether voters accept this image, however, depends more on external factors than on a candidate’s personal characteristics. 此句注意主語從句作主語。
3、一年以后，隨著國家經濟陷入困境，布什的支持率則下降到40%以下。P4
A year later, with the nation’s economy in trouble, Bush’s approval rating dropped below 40 percent.
4、候選人特別關注人口最多的幾個州的州選舉中獲勝。P6
Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.
5、在1992年，，克林頓僅獲得民眾選票的43%，相比之下，布什是38%，佩羅是19%。P6
Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992, compared with Bush's 38 percent and Perot's 19 percent.
3、習題
一、詞匯英譯漢：
1.election 2.vote 3.certainty 4.loyalty 5.decline
6.democrat 7.strategy 8.pursue 9.impact 10.headquarters
11.economy 12.stir 13.congress 14.representative
to identify…as impact on
二、句子英譯漢：
1.~ 5. 與重點句型相同。
6.In deciding whether to pursue a course of action, they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.
7.Warren G. Harding accepted the 1920 Republican nomination at his Ohio home, stayed there throughout most of the campaign, and won a full victory simply because most of the voters of his time were Republicans.
8.“The Economy, Stupid.”The slogan was the idea of James Carville, Clinton's chief strategist, and was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation's slow-moving economy, which ultimately was the issue that defeated Bush.
三、句子漢譯英
1.在美國每四年舉行一次總統大選。
The presidential election takes place every four years in the United States.
2.多數黨被提名者得到的支持率往往高出少數黨候選人。
A majority party nominee usually has the advantage of support over a minority party one.
A major-party nominee always gets higher approval rating than a minor-party nominee.
3.策略在總統競選中起關鍵性的作用。
Strategies play a critical role in the election.
Strategy is critical in the presidential election.
4.為了爭取選票，總統候選人特別關注那些重要的州。
To win the presidency, a candidate is particularly concerned with winning the states which are important.
In order to get the votes, presidential candidates are concerned with those important states.
5.美國有十幾個政黨，其中只有兩個黨是主要黨。
There are about a dozen political parties in America, only two of which are major parties.
4、歷年試題
1.Victory in the eleven ______（large） states alone would provide an electoral majority. （99.10）
答案：largest。此題主要考查large 的最高級。
2.Even Democrat George McGovern, _____ had the lowest level of party support among recent
Nominees, was backed in 1972 by nearly 60 percent of his party's voters. （99.10）
A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.which
答案：A. who 引導的非限定性定語從句。
3.漢譯英：這與其說取決于候選人的個人特點不如說取決于外部因素。（00.4）
答案：This depends on external factors rather than on a candidate's personal characteristics.
4.In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush's approval rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ______（begin） in the 1930s. （00.10）
答案：began。此題考查過去時，因為有一個明顯的過去時間狀語“in the 1930s”。
5.Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to _____ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. （01.4）
A.make it possible
B.make possible
C.make possibly
D.make it possibly
答案：B.本題中make 的賓語太長，所以放到了賓補possible 的后面。“make … possible”
表示“使…成為可能”。
6.In deciding _____ a course of action, the candidate tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters. （02.4）
A.what to pursue
B.which to pursue
C.whether to pursue
D.if to pursue
答案：C.分析：所要填的空是deciding 的賓語。而pursue 后面的賓語是a course of action。 選項A “what to pursue”, what 是賓語。選項B 中，which 也是作主語或賓語。選項D. 語法結構不對，因此選C.
7.A major-party nominee has the critical advantage in the campaign for the presidential election _______ he has the support from the party faithful. （ 03 ，10 ）
A.in that
B.in which
C.for which
D.for that
答案：A “在于”（復合連詞表示原因）
Translation
1. 眾所周知，美國總統選舉每四年一次。
答： It is well known that presidential elections occur in the United States every 4 years.
2. 克林頓那時始終把競選的注意力集中在國家緩慢發展的經濟上。
答： At that time Clinton always kept the campaign focused on the nation’s slow-developing economy.
3. 候選人都想盡力表現出一種強有力的領袖形象。
答： Candidate try to project a strong leadership image.
4. 選民們是否接受這一形象更取決于外在因素。 答案
答：Whether voters accept this image depends more on external factors.
5. 候選人特別關注如何在人口最多那些州獲勝。
答： Candidates are particularly concerned with how to win the states which have the largest population .
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