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UNIT 2
1、word study
exert,collapse,lauch,operate
① exert
vt.盡（力）；發揮（威力等）；施加（壓力等）；產生（影響等）；行使（職權等）
He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.
他已盡了全力以達到自己的目標。
He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.
他一直在施加種種壓力要我改變主意。
These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution.
這些原則對革命進程產生了很大的影響。
② collapse
n.1、倒塌，崩潰，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下
The storm caused the collapse of the wooden shelter.
暴風雨使這個避風雨的木棚倒塌了。
He suffered from a nervous collapse.
他的精神崩潰了。
The collapse of the government left the country in confusion.
政府的倒臺使全國陷入混亂之中。
vi.倒塌，崩潰
The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.
屋頂被雪壓塌了。
The negotiations collapsed after several meetings.
會談了幾次之后，談判破裂了。
In the last weeks of the war she collapsed from long imprisonment.
在戰爭的最后幾個星期里她的身體因長期監禁而垮掉了。
③ lauch
vt 1、發射，投射；2、使（船）下水
The satellite was launched in a rocket.
這顆衛星是由火箭發射的。
The hunter launched a spear at the wolf.
獵人把矛向狼擲去。
A new ship has been successfully launched.
一條新船已成功地下水。
vt ./vi.發動，發起（運動等）
launch out into 開始，著手進行
Our army launched an attack on the enemy.
我們的軍隊向敵人發起猛攻。
The police launched an investigation into the case.
警察對此案開展了調查。
The research group launched out into a series of new experiment.
研究小組著手進行了一系列新的實驗。
④ operate
vi. 1、運轉，起作用；2、動手術（on,upon）
The elevator operates smoothly.
電梯運行順利。
The medicine gradually operated.
藥物逐漸奏效了。
The doctor operated on the neck of the patient.
醫生給病人的頸部動手術。
vt.1、操作，操縱，經營；2、對。。。動手術
This airline operates five main lines and dozens of branch lines.
這家航空公司經營五條主干線和十幾條支線。
Do you know how to operate the machine?
你知道怎么開這臺機器嗎？
The doctor operated the patient on the neck.
醫生給病人的頸部動手術。
He was operated on for lung cancer.
他因肺癌動了手術。
2、常考句型
1、天文學家和科學家認為黑洞是一種空間區，物質可以掉進黑洞但任何物質不能逃脫。P1
Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.
2、理論上是這樣的：當某些星體的密度增大到某一特定點時便發生爆炸。P2
The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.
3、有人認為圣誕星可能是一顆超新星。P2
Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.
4、假定一個人掉進黑洞，他會認為很快就能到達黑洞中心。P3
If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.
5、只是在近幾年天文學家才開始具體研究黑洞。P3
It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
6、另一方面，科學家們也在設想，由于有非常先進的技術，人們也許能在將來利用黑洞為人類服務。P5
On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.
3、習題
Unit 2 練習：
1.詞匯英譯漢：
escape, explode, collapse, shrink, gravity, measurement, basis, launch, convincing, companion,
speculation, swallow, operate, to make use of, a great many, above all
2.句子英譯漢：
1) ~6) 與常考句型相同。
7) There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.
8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
3 句子漢譯英
黑洞是什么，天文學家還沒有完全解決這個問題。
Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is.
據說黑洞可以將其周圍的一切物體，如星星吞食掉。
It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars .
對黑洞的研究剛剛開始，各種各樣的假說層出不窮。
The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.
科學家仍不能說出黑洞內發生了什么。
Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.
It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole.
如果我們認識了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。
If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful .
Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them.
單元課后練習
Ⅰ.Word Spelling
1.密度 n. density _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩潰 v. collapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3.邊界線，邊界 n. boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4.永恒的，經久不變的 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5.基礎，根據 n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6.發射，發動 v.l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7.雙胞胎之一 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8.同伴，同事 n.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9.人類 n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10.推測，猜測 n.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11.吞 v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12.不充分的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13.物質 n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14.情況，環境 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15.發生，出現 v.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
16.強烈的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17.證據 n.e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
18.看不見的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19.宇航員 n.a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20.熱帶的 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Ⅱ.Word Form
1.Supernovae____(report) by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
2.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still____(have) the same mass, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.
3.If one____(make) a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.
4.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars____(believe) to be black holes.
5.Matter from the one which we can see____(pull) towards the companion star.
6.There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy____(swallow) up stars at a very rapid rate.
7.The most____(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
8.They show us a world which operates in a ____(total) different way from our own.
9.The surface of some areas____(consist) largely of high mountains and deep valleys.
10.Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different____(colour) skins.
Ⅲ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)____which matter has fallen and____which nothing can escape-not even light.
[A] into into
[B] into from
[C] from into
[D] from from
2.This process of shrinking may be so intense____a black hole results.
[A] whether
[B] what
[C] which
[D] that
3.Binary stars,____their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.
[A] as
[B] that
[C] what
[D] if
4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a 'partner' to____which we can see in the sky.
[A] the one
[B] that
[C] the ones
[D] those
5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day____the energy of black holes for mankind.
[A] make fun of
[B] make sure of
[C] make use of
[D] make sense of
6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as____.
[A] companies
[B] comparisons
[C] compounds
[D] companions
7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in____round the sun.
[A] track
[B] orbit
[C] tour
[D] route
8.In August 1977, a satellite was____to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way.
[A] posted
[B] delivered
[C] launched
[D] transmitted
9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are____here.
[A] inadequate
[B] invisible
[C] intense
[D] individual
10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But____,matter must behave very differently inside the hole.
[A] in addition
[B] in person
[C] in detail
[D] in theory
Ⅳ.C-E Translation
1.這個收縮的過程如此強烈，以至于黑洞產生了。
2.直到最近天文學家們才開始研究黑洞。
3.但是從理論上說，物質在黑洞里的行為一定非常不同。
4.黑洞最強有力的證據來自對雙星系的研究。
5.有一天也許人類也會遭此命運。
單元自測答案 Unit 2
Ⅰ.Word Spelling
1.density 2.collapse 3.boundary
4.constant 5.basis 6.launch
7.twin 8.companion 9.mankind
10.speculation 11.swallow 12.inadequate
13.matter 14.circumstance 15.occur
16.intense 17.evidence 18.invisible
19.astronaut 20.tropical
Ⅱ.Word Form
1.were reported 2.having 3.made
4.believed 5.is being pulled 6.swallowing
7.convincing 8.totally 9.consists
10.coloured
Ⅲ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.C
6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D
Ⅳ.C-E Translation
1.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.
2.It is only recently/It is not until recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
3.But in theory, matter must behave very differently/in a very different manner inside the black hole.
4.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
5.Mankind may one day meet this fate.
4、歷年試題
1. 星體的密度增大到一定程度時就會發生爆炸。
答： The star will explode when its density increases to some extent.
2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大嗎？
答： Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is ?
3. 假如有人掉進黑洞，他會認為很快能到達黑洞的中心。
答：If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.
4. 早在17世紀天文學家便對超新星有過報道。
答： Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century.
5. 他已盡了全力以達到自己的目標。
答： He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.
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